Gujari Language
Some people (specially who live in plains of Haryana and UP) think that the language which they speak, which is more like Marwari language, is actually Gujari.
Thats wrong as the original Gujari language is much closer to Punjabi or kangari. Here we will compare the original Gujari with gujari of Plains.
Table 1
Sanskrit | Gujari | Rajasthani | Gujari of Plains | Hindi | Gloss |
karma | kamm | kaam | kaum | kaam | work |
karna | kann | kaan | kaunn | kaan | ear |
masta | mattho | matho | mottho | maathaa | forehead |
tapta | tatto | taatoZ | tato | taataa | hot |
aksi | akkhã | ãkhy | ãunkh | ãkh | eye |
misTha | miTTho | miiTo | meeTho | miiThaa | sweet |
sapta | satt | saat | saatt | saat | seven |
Consonant Change
In Gujari, as in most of the Indo-Aryan languages w of OIA changes to b in the initial position. This, however, has been retained in Panjabi. The examples in Table 2 are illustrative of this phenomenon.
Table 2
Sanskrit | Gujari | Rajasthani | Gujari of Plains | Hindi | Gloss |
vimsat | ibi | ãibiiã | bees | ãbiis | twenty |
vrhad | baRo | baRo | baDo | baRaa | big |
vair | bEr | vEr | bair | bEr/vEr | enmity |
vatsa | baccho | vach | baccha | bachaa | calf |
vasati | basNo | basNo | basNau | basnaa | live/stay |
Vowel Nasalisation
Another feature that Gujari and Panjabi share along with some other Eastern languages is that OIA long vowels followed by a nasal are realized as nasalized vowel in the final position with the subsequent loss of the OIA word final vowel. In Hindi, Rajasthani, etc. either the nasal is retained or the vowel is nasalized and followed by v.
The examples in Table 3 illustrate this point.
Table 3
Sanskrit | Gujari | Rajasthani | Gujari of Plains | Hindi | Gloss |
graam | agraã | gaam/gaã | gaum | gaam/gaw | village |
naam | anaã | naam | nãum | naam | name |
sthaan | athã | thaan | thaur / Jigah | sthaan | place |
Consonant Voicing
In a sequence of vowel-nasal-consonant (VNC) the voiceless consonant following the nasal has changed to voiced consonants, i.e., OIA VNC (vl.) > VNC (vd.) in Gujari along with Panjabi, Kangri and other Western Pahari dialects whereas in other Indo- Aryan dialects such as Rajasthani and Hindi it has remained voiceless. The examples in Table 4 are illustrative.
Table 4
Sanskrit | Gujari | Rajasthani | Gujari of Plains | Hindi | Gloss |
pancha | panj | paãc | paunch | paãc | five |
danta | dand | daãt | daunt | daãt | tooth |
kaNTka | kaNDo | kaNTo | seeng | kaãTaat | horn |
manca | manjo | maaco | manjo / Khat | maacaa | stage/bed |
Tone
Both in Gujari and Panjabi along with some related dialects the OIA and intermediate stage h in the medial and final position has been mostly changed to some tone and usually to high tone if follows a vowel. The examples in Table 5 are illustrative.
Table 5
Sanskrit | Gujari | Rajasthani | Gujari of Plains | Hindi | Gloss |
baah | uhbaã | baãh | bãunh | baã | arm |
bahira | baãr | baahr | baãhre | baahar | outside |
lauha | lo | lo | lohyo | lohaa | iron |
swasa | sa | aãhaa | husaas | saãs | breath |
prathama | pElo | pElo | pEhllo | pahlaa | first |
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